地方两会观察丨提升基层医疗服务、织密医疗保障网——从地方两会看医疗惠民举措******
新华社北京1月20日电 题：提升基层医疗服务、织密医疗保障网——从地方两会看医疗惠民举措
新华社记者
病有所医是社会广泛关注的民生话题。地方两会期间，“医疗”成为代表委员热议的关键词之一。记者在近日召开的各地两会上采访发现，各地加大对基层医疗机构的帮扶，提升基层医疗机构的服务能力，织牢基层医疗保障网，构建中医药发展新模式等，推动我国卫生健康事业高质量发展。
“我非常关注如何更好地推动医疗资源下沉，提高基层医疗服务能力。”广西壮族自治区人大代表、柳州市中医医院院长周晓玲认为，应利用医联体和医共体建设，促进大医院的优质医疗资源下沉基层，促进医疗资源均衡发展。
在提升基层医疗服务能力方面，广西壮族自治区政府工作报告指出，促进优质医疗资源更大程度扩容和下沉，加强卫生健康人才培养和引进，落实基层医疗卫生人才队伍保障机制。
“应加大基层卫生能力建设投入，启动乡镇卫生院能力建设项目，着力改善乡镇卫生院基础设施、设备配备，提升基层医疗机构健康服务能力和常见病基层首诊的承接能力，让基层群众享受同等的医疗服务。”湖南省人大代表、湘潭市中心医院党委书记夏红说。
记者注意到，多地政府工作报告提出深化医改，减轻群众就医负担。广西壮族自治区政府工作报告指出，深化医保医疗医药协同发展和治理，推进药品和耗材集中带量采购改革，加大医疗服务价格动态调整力度。
推动医保改革惠民方面，北京市政府工作报告指出，过去5年来，北京健全城乡医疗卫生体系，实施医药分开、医耗联动综合改革；湖南省政府工作报告提出，2023年扩大异地就医联网医疗机构覆盖面，推行异地就医结算与基层医保代办服务。
“希望加大带量釆购力度，以满足人民群众的需求为导向，将更多用量大、需求高的常用药物品种纳入范围，让群众拥有更多选择，进一步减轻医疗负担。”北京市人大代表、房山区大安山乡卫生院院长王金辉说。
今年地方两会上，中医药传承发展备受关注。广西壮族自治区政府工作报告提出，“推动中医药壮瑶医药传承创新发展”；北京市政府工作报告提出，“加强中医药传承和作用发挥”。
“应加大国医大师、全国名中医等名老中医药专家学术经验的传承，加强中医药传承创新发展。推进基层名老中医药专家传承工作室建设，培养县级中医临床技术骨干，提升基层中医药服务能力。”陕西省政协委员、陕西省中医医院科技教育处处长闫小宁说。
“上海将加快打造国家中医药综合改革示范区”，上海市政府工作报告中的这句话，成了当地两会的“热话题”。“随着中医医联体的日渐成熟，中药院内制剂如何在医联体内通用，成了实践中需要突破的点。”上海市政协委员、上海市中医医院院长钟力炜建议，加大政策支撑力度，促进制剂研发，注重源头创新，在符合一定条件的前提下，允许制剂在中医医联体内部调剂使用。
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
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